Repeating Instructions with for loops

• for _ in range(4): can be used to repeat the same sequence of instructions as much as four times
• _  is the loop variable and you can use any variable name such as index, count, my_loop_variable, etc
• At each iteration or cycle of the loop, the loop variable receives the respective value from the sequence 0, 1, 2, 3 returned by the range(4) function.
• range(10) returns the integer numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
• range(5, 10) returns the integer numbers 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
• range(10, 2) returns nothing as the second argument should be larger to generate a sequence
• range(5, 10, 2) returns the integer numbers 5, 7, 9

Block scoping, variable shadowing, and using global keyword for accessing global variables from functions.

break and continue

for-else structure

Nested for loops

• Printing shapes on the console output.

Random Numbers

Declaring and using tuples and lists.

is operator for checking object/instance equality.